The Evidence, Examined

Darwin's great insight: natural selection produces the appearance of design without a designer. Does evolution explain away the…

Russell's teapot: you cannot prove there isn't a teapot orbiting the sun, but that doesn't mean belief in…

Temporal lobe stimulation can produce religious experiences. The "God helmet" generates feelings of presence. Near-death experiences correlate with…

People pray sincerely and nothing changes. A child dies despite a parent's agonised prayer. A disease progresses. The…

If God is infinitely merciful, why not extend that mercy universally? Why does free will require the possibility…

If the Quran is God's final message to all of humanity, why is it only fully accessible in…

The Quran states that God does not forgive shirk — associating partners with God. Every other sin may…

Religious upbringing can produce specific psychological harm — shame around sexuality, fear of hell installed in children, guilt…

Many people are told — or assume — that doubt is a sign of weak faith, spiritual failure,…

The creation problem: if God is omniscient, God knew before creating humanity the full extent of human suffering,…

The proportionality objection to hell: no finite collection of wrong actions can merit infinite punishment. The punishment is…

Hundreds of thousands of people report near-death experiences — tunnels of light, life reviews, encounters with deceased relatives.…